The provision for income taxes is based on reported income before income taxes. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities reflect the impact of temporary differences between the amounts of assets and liabilities recognized for financial reporting purposes and the amounts recognized for tax purposes, as measured by applying the currently enacted tax laws.

The provision (benefit) for domestic and foreign income taxes was as follows:

The domestic and foreign components of income from continuing operations before domestic and foreign income and other taxes and equity in earnings of unconsolidated subsidiaries were as follows:

The reconciliation of the statutory federal income tax rate to the effective consolidated tax rate is as follows:

Components of deferred tax assets and liabilities are as follows:

Changes to the valuation allowance balances are recorded through the provision for income taxes in the respective year.

The deferred tax amounts have been classified in the consolidated balance sheets as follows:

Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance if it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax asset will not be realized. Management believes uncertainty exists regarding the realizability of certain operating losses and has, therefore, established a valuation allowance for this portion of the deferred tax asset. Realization of the deferred income tax asset is dependent on the Company generating sufficient taxable income of the appropriate nature in future years. Although realization is not assured, management believes that it is more likely than not that the net deferred income tax asset will be realized.

As of April 30, 2013, the Company has U.S. federal net operating loss carryforwards of $20.4 million from the acquisition of PDI, which will begin to expire in 2028. The utilization of these losses is subject to an annual limitation as defined under Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code. The Company also has U.S. federal foreign tax credit carryforwards of $3.2 million, which will begin to expire in 2023. The Company has state net operating loss carryforwards of $13.2 million, which will begin to expire in 2014. The Company also has foreign net operating loss carryforwards of $108.0 million, which will begin to expire in 2014.

The Company has a plan to distribute a portion of the cash held in foreign locations to the United States and has recorded a $0.9 million deferred tax liability for additional taxes that would arise in connection with these distributions. Other than these amounts, the Company has not provided for U.S. taxes or foreign withholding taxes on approximately $119.0 million of undistributed earnings of its foreign subsidiaries as such earnings are intended to be reinvested indefinitely. If a distribution of these earnings were to be made, the Company might be subject to both foreign withholding taxes and U.S. income taxes, net of any allowable foreign tax credits or deductions. An estimate of these taxes, however, is not practicable.

The Company or one of its subsidiaries files federal and state income tax returns in the United States as well as foreign jurisdictions. These income tax returns are subject to audit by the Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”) and various state and foreign tax authorities. In October 2012, the IRS commenced an examination of the Company’s U.S. federal income tax returns for the tax years ended April 30, 2011 and 2010. The Company’s income tax returns are not otherwise under examination in any material jurisdiction. The statute of limitations varies by jurisdiction in which the Company operates. With few exceptions, however, the Company’s tax returns for years prior to fiscal year 2008 are no longer open to examination by tax authorities (including U.S. federal, state and foreign).

Unrecognized tax benefits are the differences between the amount of benefits of tax positions taken, or expected to be taken, on a tax return and the amount of benefits recognized for financial reporting purposes. As of April 30, 2013, the Company had a liability of $2.0 million for unrecognized tax benefits. A reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances of the gross unrecognized tax benefits is as follows:

The Company classifies interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits as a component of the provision for income taxes. The liability for unrecognized tax benefits is included in income taxes payable in the consolidated balance sheets. The full amount of unrecognized tax benefits would impact the effective tax rate if recognized. The total liability for unrecognized tax benefits is not expected to change within the next twelve months.